新约 - 马太福音(Matthew)第27章

When the morning was come, all the chief priests and elders of the people took counsel against Jesus to put him to death:
And when they had bound him, they led him away, and delivered him to Pontius Pilate the governor.
Then Judas, which had betrayed him, when he saw that he was condemned, repented himself, and brought again the thirty pieces of silver to the chief priests and elders,
Saying, I have sinned in that I have betrayed the innocent blood. And they said, What is that to us? see thou to that.
And he cast down the pieces of silver in the temple, and departed, and went and hanged himself.
And the chief priests took the silver pieces, and said, It is not lawful for to put them into the treasury, because it is the price of blood.
And they took counsel, and bought with them the potter's field, to bury strangers in.
Wherefore that field was called, The field of blood, unto this day.
Then was fulfilled that which was spoken by Jeremy the prophet, saying, And they took the thirty pieces of silver, the price of him that was valued, whom they of the children of Israel did value;
And gave them for the potter's field, as the Lord appointed me.
And Jesus stood before the governor: and the governor asked him, saying, Art thou the King of the Jews? And Jesus said unto him, Thou sayest.
And when he was accused of the chief priests and elders, he answered nothing.
Then said Pilate unto him, Hearest thou not how many things they witness against thee?
And he answered him to never a word; insomuch that the governor marvelled greatly.
Now at that feast the governor was wont to release unto the people a prisoner, whom they would.
And they had then a notable prisoner, called Barabbas.
Therefore when they were gathered together, Pilate said unto them, Whom will ye that I release unto you? Barabbas, or Jesus which is called Christ?
For he knew that for envy they had delivered him.
When he was set down on the judgment seat, his wife sent unto him, saying, Have thou nothing to do with that just man: for I have suffered many things this day in a dream because of him.
But the chief priests and elders persuaded the multitude that they should ask Barabbas, and destroy Jesus.
The governor answered and said unto them, Whether of the twain will ye that I release unto you? They said, Barabbas.
Pilate saith unto them, What shall I do then with Jesus which is called Christ? They all say unto him, Let him be crucified.
And the governor said, Why, what evil hath he done? But they cried out the more, saying, Let him be crucified.
When Pilate saw that he could prevail nothing, but that rather a tumult was made, he took water, and washed his hands before the multitude, saying, I am innocent of the blood of this just person: see ye to it.
Then answered all the people, and said, His blood be on us, and on our children.
Then released he Barabbas unto them: and when he had scourged Jesus, he delivered him to be crucified.
Then the soldiers of the governor took Jesus into the common hall, and gathered unto him the whole band of soldiers.
And they stripped him, and put on him a scarlet robe.
And when they had platted a crown of thorns, they put it upon his head, and a reed in his right hand: and they bowed the knee before him, and mocked him, saying, Hail, King of the Jews!
And they spit upon him, and took the reed, and smote him on the head.
And after that they had mocked him, they took the robe off from him, and put his own raiment on him, and led him away to crucify him.
And as they came out, they found a man of Cyrene, Simon by name: him they compelled to bear his cross.
And when they were come unto a place called Golgotha, that is to say, a place of a skull,
They gave him vinegar to drink mingled with gall: and when he had tasted thereof, he would not drink.
And they crucified him, and parted his garments, casting lots: that it might be fulfilled which was spoken by the prophet, They parted my garments among them, and upon my vesture did they cast lots.
And sitting down they watched him there;
And set up over his head his accusation written, THIS IS JESUS THE KING OF THE JEWS.
Then were there two thieves crucified with him, one on the right hand, and another on the left.
And they that passed by reviled him, wagging their heads,
And saying, Thou that destroyest the temple, and buildest it in three days, save thyself. If thou be the Son of God, come down from the cross.
Likewise also the chief priests mocking him, with the scribes and elders, said,
He saved others; himself he cannot save. If he be the King of Israel, let him now come down from the cross, and we will believe him.
He trusted in God; let him deliver him now, if he will have him: for he said, I am the Son of God.
The thieves also, which were crucified with him, cast the same in his teeth.
Now from the sixth hour there was darkness over all the land unto the ninth hour.
And about the ninth hour Jesus cried with a loud voice, saying, Eli, Eli, lama sabachthani? that is to say, My God, my God, why hast thou forsaken me?
Some of them that stood there, when they heard that, said, This man calleth for Elias.
And straightway one of them ran, and took a spunge, and filled it with vinegar, and put it on a reed, and gave him to drink.
The rest said, Let be, let us see whether Elias will come to save him.
Jesus, when he had cried again with a loud voice, yielded up the ghost.
And, behold, the veil of the temple was rent in twain from the top to the bottom; and the earth did quake, and the rocks rent;
And the graves were opened; and many bodies of the saints which slept arose,
And came out of the graves after his resurrection, and went into the holy city, and appeared unto many.
Now when the centurion, and they that were with him, watching Jesus, saw the earthquake, and those things that were done, they feared greatly, saying, Truly this was the Son of God.
And many women were there beholding afar off, which followed Jesus from Galilee, ministering unto him:
Among which was Mary Magdalene, and Mary the mother of James and Joses, and the mother of Zebedee's children.
When the even was come, there came a rich man of Arimathaea, named Joseph, who also himself was Jesus' disciple:
He went to Pilate, and begged the body of Jesus. Then Pilate commanded the body to be delivered.
And when Joseph had taken the body, he wrapped it in a clean linen cloth,
And laid it in his own new tomb, which he had hewn out in the rock: and he rolled a great stone to the door of the sepulchre, and departed.
And there was Mary Magdalene, and the other Mary, sitting over against the sepulchre.
Now the next day, that followed the day of the preparation, the chief priests and Pharisees came together unto Pilate,
Saying, Sir, we remember that that deceiver said, while he was yet alive, After three days I will rise again.
Command therefore that the sepulchre be made sure until the third day, lest his disciples come by night, and steal him away, and say unto the people, He is risen from the dead: so the last error shall be worse than the first.
Pilate said unto them, Ye have a watch: go your way, make it as sure as ye can.
So they went, and made the sepulchre sure, sealing the stone, and setting a watch.
马太福音第廿七章   耶稣受审 

  太 27:1-2> 宗教领袖用尽方法也要置耶稣于死地,看这次他们又用什么藉口…… 

  27:1-2 宗教领袖没有判死刑的权柄,所以要引导罗马人处死耶稣。从政治方面来说,这样做对宗教领袖更好,有人对耶稣的死负责,群众就不会责备他们。他们用一个宗教的罪名──亵渎神来拘捕耶稣,但是罗马法庭不受理这类案件,他们便要找一个政治理由来置耶稣于死地。他们要证明耶稣是一个动乱者,祂宣称自己是王,危害凯撒的地位。 

  太 27:2> 那个在众人面前洗手的彼拉多,究竟是怎样的呢? 

  27:2 彼拉多在公元 26 至 36 年期间,任犹太和撒马利亚两省的巡抚。他喜弄权术,强从圣殿库房中提款建造高架引水道。宗教领袖对此极之不满,但要除灭耶稣,也只好将祂解去交给彼拉多。彼拉多曾三次宣布他查不出耶稣有罪(参约 18:38 ; 19:4 , 6 )。 

  太 27:3-4> 犹大后悔了!可有什么事曾教你感到后悔呢? 

  27:3-4 当初犹大出卖耶稣,可能企图迫使耶稣去发起一次革命来对抗罗马,可是当看到耶稣被定罪后,他良心发现,可惜已经太迟了。我们的计划一旦成为行动就不能走回头,因此最好在行动以前,先想想计划可能带来的后果,免得我们事后后悔! 

  太 27:4> “自己承当吧”──你想那些祭司这样说对吗? 

  27:4 祭司的职分是教导人们认识神,并为他们作代求者──帮助他们献祭以赎罪。但这些祭司长非但没有帮助犹大寻求赦免,更说:“你自己承当吧!”他们不单拒绝弥赛亚,更拒绝了作祭司的身分。 

  太 27:5> 那出卖耶稣的人的下场…… 

  27:5 犹大出去吊死自己。可能其自缢之树枝折断,身子跌下来,肚腹崩裂,肠子都流出来(参徒 1:18 )。 

  太 27:6> 他们不肯接纳犹大的钱,难道是内疚了? 

  27:6 这些祭司长付钱给犹大出卖一个无辜的人,却没有感到丝毫内疚,当犹大把钱还给他们时,祭司长却不肯接纳,因为他们认为接受谋杀的报酬是错误的!他们对耶稣的仇恨叫他们完全失去了对公义的知觉。 

  太 27:9-10> 27:9-10 这话出自撒迦利亚书(参亚 11:12-13 ),但犹太人认为耶利米是旧约先知书的编纂者,比撒迦利亚更为人所知,并且耶利米也有类似的说法。(参耶 18:1-4 ; 19:1-11 ; 32:6-15 )。 

  不合法的审讯 

  太 27:12> 那些人实在可笑,你看他们为达目的,所做的竟是── 

  27:12 在彼拉多面前,宗教领袖控诉耶稣不同的罪行。他们因耶稣亵渎(宣称自己是神)的罪拘捕祂,但这个控告对罗马政府来说是不成为罪名的,因此宗教领袖要控告耶稣一些会引起罗马政府关注的罪行,例如鼓吹百姓不纳税、宣称自己是君王和引起暴乱,但这些控告都不是事实。他们决意要杀害耶稣,为了达到目的,不惜触犯了多条诫命。 

  太 27:14> 面对冤屈,耶稣沉静以待──我想我会迫不及待为自己辩解…… 

  27:14 耶稣的沉默正应验了先知的话(参赛 53:7 ),彼拉多惊奇耶稣为什么不为自己申辩。他知道宗教领袖们的居心,故很想释放耶稣(参约 19:12 ),无奈要遵照罗马政府的旨意,维持管辖地区的和平。最后决定处决这个沉默、看来又不重要的人。 

  太 27:15-16> 巴拉巴这名字是别有意思的…… 

  27:15-16 巴拉巴曾经参与对抗罗马政府的暴动(参可 15:7 ),所犯的罪正是耶稣被控告的罪,虽然他是罗马政府的敌人,但可能是犹太人的英雄。巴拉巴这个名字的意思是“父亲的儿子”,这正是耶稣与神的关系。 

  太 27:19> 洗手欲脱罪的彼拉多,其心叵测,你看…… 

  27:19 彼拉多本应是秉行公义的领袖,在这事上却证实了他更多考虑政治的权谋。他本有几次机会,去作正确的决定,他的良知告诉他耶稣是无辜的,罗马法律说明不应治死无罪的人,他的妻子更做了个令她不安的梦,他根本没有正当的藉口定耶稣的罪,但因害怕群众而判祂死刑。 

  太 27:21> 水能载舟,亦能覆舟──如何验证?你看群众对耶稣的态度…… 

  27:21 群众是善变的,耶稣进圣城时,他们欢迎祂,以为祂来开创祂的国度;当祂被捕,他们的愿望破灭了,就由拥戴变为憎恶。面对大群攻击耶稣的面孔,祂的朋友都不敢站出来为祂说话。 

  太 27:21> 昔日群众选择了巴拉巴,今天的人是否一样? 

  27:21 面对抉择,群众选择了巴拉巴──一个作乱分子和杀人犯,而放弃了神的儿子;今天面对同样的抉择,人们依然选择“巴拉巴”,不接纳神儿子所预备的救恩。 

  太 27:24> 来个洗手脱干系?是否有点自欺欺人?可是,有时候人总有这个倾向…… 

  27:24 彼拉多原知道犹太人是因为嫉妒才把主耶稣解来,本有心要释放祂,但在犹太人的要挟下只得屈从。历史资料显示,犹太人要是向罗马政府上告他轻忽犹太人的传统,引起骚动,他就会丢官。在无可奈何之下,彼拉多让群众决定把耶稣钉十字架,虽然洗了手,但他的罪仍然存在。洗手只能给他一个平安的假象,并不能清除他的罪。不要找任何藉口,要为自己所作的决定负责任。 

  太 27:27> 27:27 “营”是罗马军团的单位,一般约有二百人。 

  太 27:29> 红袍、荆棘冠冕加上唾沬──耶稣也曾被百般戏弄,我是知道的,可是当我被人嘲弄时…… 

  27:29 耶稣所受的大嘲弄比任何人都甚,信徒可以从而得到安慰和鼓励。不信者对我们的嘲笑可能会伤我们的心,但切不要让信心动摇( 5:11-12 )。 

  十字架道路 

  太 27:32> 那背十字架的竟不是耶稣,那是谁? 

  27:32 被定罪判死刑的犯人要背自己的十字架到刑场,耶稣因曾受鞭打,没有力气继续背自己的十字架,所以,途人西门就被迫去背。西门来自古利奈──北非的一个地方,很可能是来耶路撒冷过逾越节的千万犹太人中的一个。 

  太 27:33> 那个耶稣钉十字架的地方,竟有这许多名字…… 

  27:33 各各他是亚兰文的音译,希腊文为加略山,意为髑髅地。得名的由来很多:( 1 )山坡形似死人头盖骨;( 2 )这是个刑场,散布着死人头骨,以死人头骨为名,象征死亡。 

  太 27:34> 那么痛,如果是我,我一定会喝了那些酒,耶稣却…… 

  27:34 酒混胆汁是可以作为麻醉剂的,所以这些酒可以帮助耶稣减轻痛苦,但祂拒绝了,祂在神智清醒的情况下忍受痛苦。 

  太 27:35> 看那些士兵,竟在那里拈阄…… 

  27:35 士兵习惯均分被钉死的人的衣服。这些士兵拈阄分了耶稣的衣服,正应验了大卫的预言(参诗 22 篇)。 

  太 27:45> 耶稣之死有多沉重?看那大自然的变化…… 

  27:45 使遍地漆黑一片的是神。耶稣的朋友和仇敌被黑暗包围着,好像陷入沉寂里,大自然见证了耶稣之死的沉重。这黑暗是眼见的,但也有属灵的意义。 

  十架七言 

  太 27:46> 我实在不明白,耶稣既知自己会复活,为何仍那么痛苦? 

  27:46 耶稣并不是在质问神,而是在引用诗篇来表达祂所感受到的深刻强烈的苦楚。祂承担了全人类的罪恶而要与祂的父神分隔,这就是祂在园中向神祈祷时,最惧怕的事,求神拿去的苦杯( 26:39 )。肉身的强烈痛苦是很可怕的,但更可怕的是在灵上与神分隔,耶稣忍受这双重的死亡,使我们不必再与神永远隔绝。 

  太 27:47> 耶稣那样说,祂不是在叫以利亚吧…… 

  27:47 那些旁观者误解了耶稣说的话,以为祂正在呼叫以利亚,因为以利亚不曾经历死亡就升到天上(参王下 2:11 ),他们以为以利亚会再次回来,将他们从大灾难中拯救出来(参玛 4:5 )。在每年的逾越节晚饭席上,每一个家庭都会给以利亚留个位置,期望他再来。另外,亚兰文的神字“以罗伊”与“以利亚”的音有点相近,故有此误会(参可 15:34 )。 

  太 27:51> 耶稣死了──忽然,幔子裂成两半!通往神的路应该没有阻隔才是,可我今天却…… 

  27:51 圣殿有三个主要的部分:外院,圣所──只有祭司才可以进去,至圣所──只有大祭司每年一次为全体百姓的罪献赎罪祭时,才可以进去(参利 16 章)。耶稣死的时候,分隔圣所和至圣所的幔子裂成两半,象征神和人之间的阻隔已经除去了,现在所有人都可以自由地到神那里,因为基督的祭已经为我们赎了罪(参来 9:1-24 ; 10:19-22 )。 

  太 27:52-53> 连在世人看为最软弱的事上──死亡,耶稣也带出了祂的大能…… 

  27:52-53 基督的死起码带来了四件神迹奇事:黑暗,圣殿中的幔子裂开,地震,死人从坟墓中复活。因此,耶稣的死不可能不引起人们的注意,每一个人都知道有些重要的事情发生了。 

  太 27:57-58> 听说那个亚利马太的约瑟是蛮有地位的,你认识他吗? 

  27:57-58 亚利马太的约瑟是宗教领袖,在公会中甚有地位(参可 15:43 )。以前,他不敢公开跟随耶稣和与反对耶稣的人辩论,现在却勇敢地要求领取耶稣的遗体,并且把祂埋葬了。而那些公开跟从耶稣的门徒却逃遁四散。 

  太 27:60> 27:60 放耶稣身体的坟墓,是人工凿成的洞穴。这些洞穴一般都很大,可容人进入。 

  太 27:64> 耶稣已经死了,那些宗教领袖还害怕什么? 

  27:64 宗教领袖看耶稣复活的预言比门徒还要认真,门徒已经忘记了耶稣所说祂要复活的预言( 20:17-19 ),但是宗教领袖却记着这些预言。因着耶稣复活的宣告,祂死后与祂在生时一样令他们害怕,他们尝试采取各样预防措施,务求将祂的遗体保存在坟墓中。 

  太 27:66> 大石、封条、泥土和把守,够多了吧,甚…么,还是无能为力? 

  27:66 法利赛人害怕耶稣关于祂复活的预言,所以要封住墓门,并派人把守。这座坟墓是山边的一个石洞,只有一个入口,入口用大石堵住,他们加上封条,封条两边又用泥封住。但宗教领袖还不放心,又差派守卫看守坟墓的入口。防备这样严密,坟墓变空的惟一可能只有耶稣从死里复活。法利赛人并不明白,石头、封条、守卫、军队都无法阻止神的儿子从死里复活。 ──《灵修版圣经注释》