旧约 - 士师记（Judges）第7章

Then Jerubbaal, who is Gideon, and all the people that were with him, rose up early, and pitched beside the well of Harod: so that the host of the Midianites were on the north side of them, by the hill of Moreh, in the valley.

And the LORD said unto Gideon, The people that are with thee are too many for me to give the Midianites into their hands, lest Israel vaunt themselves against me, saying, Mine own hand hath saved me.

Now therefore go to, proclaim in the ears of the people, saying, Whosoever is fearful and afraid, let him return and depart early from mount Gilead. And there returned of the people twenty and two thousand; and there remained ten thousand.

And the LORD said unto Gideon, The people are yet too many; bring them down unto the water, and I will try them for thee there: and it shall be, that of whom I say unto thee, This shall go with thee, the same shall go with thee; and of whomsoever I say unto thee, This shall not go with thee, the same shall not go.

So he brought down the people unto the water: and the LORD said unto Gideon, Every one that lappeth of the water with his tongue, as a dog lappeth, him shalt thou set by himself; likewise every one that boweth down upon his knees to drink.

And the number of them that lapped, putting their hand to their mouth, were three hundred men: but all the rest of the people bowed down upon their knees to drink water.

And the LORD said unto Gideon, By the three hundred men that lapped will I save you, and deliver the Midianites into thine hand: and let all the other people go every man unto his place.

So the people took victuals in their hand, and their trumpets: and he sent all the rest of Israel every man unto his tent, and retained those three hundred men: and the host of Midian was beneath him in the valley.

And it came to pass the same night, that the LORD said unto him, Arise, get thee down unto the host; for I have delivered it into thine hand.

But if thou fear to go down, go thou with Phurah thy servant down to the host:

And thou shalt hear what they say; and afterward shall thine hands be strengthened to go down unto the host. Then went he down with Phurah his servant unto the outside of the armed men that were in the host.

And the Midianites and the Amalekites and all the children of the east lay along in the valley like grasshoppers for multitude; and their camels were without number, as the sand by the sea side for multitude.

And when Gideon was come, behold, there was a man that told a dream unto his fellow, and said, Behold, I dreamed a dream, and, lo, a cake of barley bread tumbled into the host of Midian, and came unto a tent, and smote it that it fell, and overturned it, that the tent lay along.

And his fellow answered and said, This is nothing else save the sword of Gideon the son of Joash, a man of Israel: for into his hand hath God delivered Midian, and all the host.

And it was so, when Gideon heard the telling of the dream, and the interpretation thereof, that he worshipped, and returned into the host of Israel, and said, Arise; for the LORD hath delivered into your hand the host of Midian.

And he divided the three hundred men into three companies, and he put a trumpet in every man's hand, with empty pitchers, and lamps within the pitchers.

And he said unto them, Look on me, and do likewise: and, behold, when I come to the outside of the camp, it shall be that, as I do, so shall ye do.

When I blow with a trumpet, I and all that are with me, then blow ye the trumpets also on every side of all the camp, and say, The sword of the LORD, and of Gideon.

So Gideon, and the hundred men that were with him, came unto the outside of the camp in the beginning of the middle watch; and they had but newly set the watch: and they blew the trumpets, and brake the pitchers that were in their hands.

And the three companies blew the trumpets, and brake the pitchers, and held the lamps in their left hands, and the trumpets in their right hands to blow withal: and they cried, The sword of the LORD, and of Gideon.

And they stood every man in his place round about the camp; and all the host ran, and cried, and fled.

And the three hundred blew the trumpets, and the LORD set every man's sword against his fellow, even throughout all the host: and the host fled to Bethshittah in Zererath, and to the border of Abelmeholah, unto Tabbath.

And the men of Israel gathered themselves together out of Naphtali, and out of Asher, and out of all Manasseh, and pursued after the Midianites.

And Gideon sent messengers throughout all mount Ephraim, saying, Come down against the Midianites, and take before them the waters unto Bethbarah and Jordan. Then all the men of Ephraim gathered themselves together, and took the waters unto Bethbarah and Jordan.

And they took two princes of the Midianites, Oreb and Zeeb; and they slew Oreb upon the rock Oreb, and Zeeb they slew at the winepress of Zeeb, and pursued Midian, and brought the heads of Oreb and Zeeb to Gideon on the other side Jordan.

士师记第七章　　第 7 章　

　　士 7:2> 有时我们的力量被剥夺得所剩无几，是不是完全的坏事呢？　

　　7:2　我们相信，只需靠自己的力量必能成就大事，这种自满就是我们的仇敌。神为了使基甸的兵士除去这种心态，所以将他们的人数由三万二千减至三百人。以这少数人打败仇敌，胜利当然是出于神，他们便不能自夸。我们像基甸一样，必须明白若靠自己力量争战是极危险的，只有倚靠神，不倚靠自己，才能有胜利的把握。　

　　士 7:10-11> 神以不同的方式坚定人的信心，有时甚至使用人的仇敌……　

　　7:10-11　基甸面对敌军压倒性的优势，心中甚为惧怕。神明白他的恐惧，不过祂并没有让基甸卸责，反而让他潜入敌营去窃听敌人的谈话，使他产生勇气（ 7:12-15 ）。你是否面对争战？神能赐你力量，足以应付一切的情势。不要因为神帮助你的方式特别就心生惊恐，你必须像基甸一样听从神，随时踏出第一步。只有开始顺服神之后，才会有勇气前进。　

　　士 7:12> 米甸人？从何而来？　

　　7: 12　米甸是亚伯拉罕第二个妻子基土拉所生的儿子，他的后裔有五个家族，都是骑骆驼的劫掠者，住在死海与红海中间的旷野。　

　　士 7:13> 基甸梦中的大麦饼寓意什么？　

　　7:13　敌军一名兵士梦见一个大麦饼滚入他们的帐幕之中，将帐幕撞倒。大麦只值小麦的一半价钱，用它做的饼被看为下等货。以色列一小队的军队和米甸与亚玛力人的大军比起来，也是这样。但是神会使被人看不起的以色列人，成为难以匹敌的大能大力者。　

　　士 7:19> 三更是……　

　　7:19　一夜均分为三个轮班的更次，三更之初，大约在夜晚十点，营中有许多人仍然醒着。　

　　士 7:21> 米甸军队真的不堪一击吗？神在这次战役中起了什么作用？　

　　7:21　基甸的军队只须呐喊观看米甸军仓皇溃退，并不须要拔刀杀敌。他们一小队军队靠自己的力量，绝对不能如此大胜。神要向以色列人显示，得胜不在于人多或力大，乃在于顺服祂。　

　　基甸与米甸人争战──《灵修版圣经注释》　

士师记注释　　2．基甸的三百人（七）

　　七1～3 为要清楚显示对抗米甸人并得到胜利是出于神的，主首先削减基甸的军队，由三万二千人减至一万，方法是把惧怕胆怯的人遣回家，这是律法的规定（申二Ｏ8）。

　　七4～8 为了进一步削减军队，神在河边试验士兵。那些跪下喝水的被撤去。当日犹太人和亚拉伯人行路，是将行李背在背上。在路上喝水有两个方法：(1)将行李放下，用口对水而喝；(2)为赶路，并防备劫路的，就不放下行李，用手捧水而喝。那些用舌头舔水象狗，并行动迅速的，便保留在军队中，数目有三百人。

　　七9～14 然后耶和华指示基甸夜探米甸人的营地的外围。基甸与他的仆人普拉一同走到敌人扎营的外围。他听到一个米甸人告诉他的朋友说，他梦见一个大麦饼滚入米甸营，将帐幕撞倒。那朋友明白这梦的意思是以色列会打败米甸。麦饼是一般农民的食物，大麦只值小麦的一半价钱，用它做的饼被看为下等货，以色列人在米甸人面前也是如此。在这里大麦代表以色列，那帐幕象征米甸人的军队。

　　七 15～20 也许基甸想起军队人数减少，心里再生惧怕，这也情有可原。神要求他以三百人对抗那十三万五千大军（八10）！但是当这话出自敌人口中，便增加了他的信心。于是，基甸先敬拜（15节），然后作战。

　　因胜利获得保证，基甸便回到以色列营中，召唤他的士兵作战。把军队分作三队。一百人一队，为每名士兵配备一个号角和一个陶造的瓶，瓶内藏着火把。他们进攻米甸人营地的四周。在得到指示后，他们一起吹角，打破陶造的瓶子，让火光显露出来，喊叫：“耶和华和基甸的刀！”哥林多后书四章7节就这事作属神的阐释。我们的身体是瓦器。惟有我们常为耶稣的缘故，被交在死地，才能让神显在耶稣基督面上的荣光，在人前照耀。

　　七21～25 基甸和他的军队顺服神的结果，是神“使全营的人用刀互相击杀”。在混乱和惊慌中，米甸人开始互相攻击，然后逃跑。起初他们被拿弗他利、亚设和玛拿西全地支派的兵连击。但后来以法莲的众人被召唤联合攻取约但河的浅滩，乘敌人横过约但河觅道逃亡之时，毁灭敌人。以法莲人俘掳并杀了米甸的两个首领……俄立（乌鸦）和西伊伯（狼）。

　　我们可以从基甸领导的行动中学到一些教训。领袖在领导别人以前，必须全然确定他要作什么。他必须首先是个敬拜者，予神当得的位置（15节）。他必须以身作则，作跟随者的榜样（17节）。他必须小心，要知道荣耀属谁——先归与神，然后才是神拣选的器皿（18节）。

士师记　　注释　

　　七 1-8 把基甸的军力减至三百　

　　基甸的军力减至三百（其余的作后备军），于是以色列人不能夸口说，他们凭自己的实力解救自己（ 2 节）。但是，神大大削减军力后，随即向基甸保证：「我要用这 …… 三百人拯救你们」（ 7 节）。　

　　附注　　　

　　第 1 节「哈律泉」（意即「颤惊之泉」）位于耶斯列谷的南面（参一 29 的注释）。「摩利冈」（意即「教师之山冈」）正正对着耶斯列谷的狭道。第 3 节我们在旧约中得知基列山唯一的数据，就是它位于约但河东面的山区（参五 17 ）。但是这数据跟上下文不符。可能这是另一个基列山，或如一些人的建议，它原本应读作「基利波山」（参撒上二十八 4 ），但抄本流传期间被人意外修改了。至于「万」，参五章 8 节之注释。第 5-6 节这两节经文流传期间，似乎被不少人误解。原本的分别应是跪下用手喝水的人，以及伏在水旁，像狗那样用舌头舔水的人（即那三百人）。因此，经文大概表明那最不可能的却被神选上，这更清楚表明战争的胜利不是出于人。　

　　七 9-15 基甸夜里下到米甸营　

　　从这打仗前最后的一幕，我们知道基甸即使在夜里，也十分惧怕独自窥探敌方军营，所以神预先批准他带仆人普拉一同去窥探，精神上支持基甸（这幕令读者想起六 27-32 的事，也是在夜里发生）。基甸和普拉窥探敌方军营，得知那些惧怕的米甸人事实上差不多陷入惊慌的状态。耶和华用噩梦使米甸人混乱，令他们确信会打败仗（ 13-14 节）。基甸因此胆壮，带兵下到平原，展开攻势，令敌军崩溃。不过，以色列人实际上没有跟米甸人交锋，神已把敌人交在基甸手中，这是明显的（ 14-15 节）。　

　　附注　　

　　第 13 节麦饼是巴勒斯坦最常见的谷类作物，而且是穷人主要的粮食。那梦肯定七章 1 至 7 节在水旁的测试：神会用最下等的材料带出极大的胜利。　

　　七 16-25 米甸人溃败　

　　正如圣经一贯的教导，这段经文明确表明神的主权和人的责任并驾齐驱，虽然胜利是神所赐，但精良的战术也是举足轻重。基甸部署他的小部队，令敌人觉得有很多军人围绕他们，这反映基甸十分精于战术。基甸的跟随者喊叫：「耶和华和基甸的刀」（ 20 节），令米甸人因 13 至 14 节提及的梦而产生对死亡的恐惧，渐渐发挥影响力。米甸人因为太惊慌及混乱，以致先互相残杀，接着落荒而逃，至约但河，但至终被基甸呼召的后备军拦截（ 24-25 节）。米甸人的两个首领被捉且公开处死，表示米甸人输得落花流水（ 25 节）。从这段经文，我们可以反省，神借着祂的灵至今仍然作工，而且可以用最下等的材料去完成祂的心意。　

　　附注　　　

士师记

士师记第七章

7：1 “北边的平原”指耶斯列平原（6：33）。

7：3　“基列山”不是约旦河东面那个基列，可能是耶斯列平原上一座不著名的山；也可能就是基利波山。

7：4　根据《申命记》20：8的原则，惧怕胆怯的可以不参加作战。

7：5　狗通常站着舔水。象狗舔水的人大概是双脚仍旧站着，用手捧水来喝，随时提防敌人。耶和华靠祂的大能得胜，不靠人多；所以人数一减再减，减到最后的三百人，全属精锐。

7：9　知彼知己，百战百胜。神教导基甸行动之前应对全局作了解（9-11节）。约书亚入迦南，先派探子（书2：1）；参孙之败在敌人得窥其秘（16：5）。信息为无形之物，却能涣散人心。

7：13　大麦粗，价钱低，没有小麦值钱（参启6：6）。以色列人装备差，人数也少，象个大麦做的圆面包，却能把实力强大的敌营滚倒。

7：16　以色列人的武器很特别：吹的羊角和藏有火把的空瓦瓶；交在神手里，就能发挥大作用。参3：16注。这三百人分成三队，站在敌营的四周。

7：19　“三更之初”：按原文，“三更”应译为“中更”或“二更”。希伯来人分夜为三更，每更四小时：日落到晚上十时为一更；十时到次晨二时为二更；二时到日出为三更。这次夜袭是在敌人入睡，而才换更的哨兵尚未熟悉夜间情况之际，其时当为夜间十至十一时。

7：21-22　敌军有刀；基甸的三百人作战，只在敌营的四周，各站各的地方，用角声、火把的光和呐喊。敌人自相残杀，纷纷溃逃。使人想起约书亚当年攻取耶利哥城，也是吹角、呐喊、绕城而行，城虽坚固，应声而塌。

7：23　本来按兵不动、自固吾圉的以色列其他支派拿弗他利、亚设和玛拿西，闻风而起，参加追杀敌人。

7：24　基甸见米甸人向南逃，号召以法莲人在约旦河的渡口截断敌人的归路。伯拉巴的详细所在不详，当在约旦河下游，因为基甸曾渡河追击敌人到雅博河附近的疏割（8：4-5）。

7：25　“俄立”是“乌鸦”的意思。“西伊伯”是“狼”的意思。战斗中把敌人首领的头斩下来带到主将前，证明杀敌奏功。

旧约 - 士师记（Judges）第7章

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